Options Trading 101

Master the Fundamentals Before You Trade

Options basics and terminology
How to read our SPY/SPX alerts
Understanding the Greeks
Position sizing & risk management
Common mistakes to avoid
Entry and exit strategies
Paper trading resources
Best books and tools
Section 1

What Are Options?

Options are contracts that give you the right (not obligation) to buy or sell a stock at a specific price by a specific date.

📈 Call Option

Right to BUY at strike price
(Bullish position)

📉 Put Option

Right to SELL at strike price
(Bearish position)

Key Terms You Need to Know

Strike Price

The price at which you can buy/sell the underlying asset

Premium

The cost you pay to purchase the option contract

Expiration Date

The date when the option contract expires and becomes worthless if not exercised

In-the-Money (ITM)

Option has intrinsic value

Calls: Stock price > Strike price
Puts: Stock price < Strike price
Out-of-the-Money (OTM)

Option only has extrinsic (time) value

Calls: Stock price < Strike price
Puts: Stock price > Strike price
At-the-Money (ATM)

Stock price ≈ Strike price

Section 2

Reading Options Alerts

When we post an alert, here's what it means:

SPY 600C 12/20 @ $2.50
Ticker
SPY
Strike
600
Type
C (Call)
Expiration
12/20
Premium
$2.50

Calculating Total Cost

Options contracts = 100 shares

$2.50 per share × 100 shares = $250 total cost

Example Breakdown

SPX 6700C 1/17 @ $15.00
Buying
SPX Index
Strike Call
$6,700
Expires
Jan 17
Premium
$15/share
Total Cost
$1,500
Section 3

Understanding the Greeks

The Greeks measure how options prices change based on different factors. Understanding them is crucial for successful options trading.

Δ

Delta

Measures price movement per $1 stock move

  • Delta of 0.50 = Option moves $0.50 per $1 stock move
  • Calls: Delta 0 to 1.00
  • Puts: Delta 0 to -1.00
  • Higher delta = More sensitive to stock movement
Θ

Theta

Measures time decay per day

  • Theta of -0.10 = Option loses $10/day in value
  • Always negative for option buyers
  • Accelerates as expiration approaches
  • Time works against you daily
Γ

Gamma

Measures how fast delta changes

  • High gamma = Delta changes rapidly
  • Peaks at-the-money
  • Important for short-dated options
V

Vega

Measures sensitivity to volatility changes

  • High vega = Option gains value when IV increases
  • Earnings, news events increase volatility
  • Watch for IV crush after events

Implied Volatility (IV)

Market's expectation of future volatility:

⚡ Key Takeaway

Theta (time decay) works against you every single day. Factor this into every trade decision.

Section 4

Position Sizing & Risk Management

🛡️ This Section Will Save Your Account

Proper position sizing is the #1 factor that separates successful traders from those who blow up.

The Golden Rules

  • Never risk more than 5-10% per trade
  • Set stop losses BEFORE entering
  • Don't go all-in on one position
  • Accept losses as part of trading

Position Sizing Examples

Account Size
Max Risk: $250-500
Account Size
Max Risk: $500-1,000
Account Size
Max Risk: $1,000-2,000

Why Proper Sizing Matters

❌ Scenario A: No Position Sizing

  • $5,000 account
  • Go all-in on one trade ($5,000)
  • Trade loses 50%
  • Now at $2,500 (need 100% gain to recover)

✓ Scenario B: Proper Position Sizing

  • $5,000 account
  • Risk $500 per trade (10%)
  • Can lose 5 trades in a row
  • Still have $2,500 to recover

Stop Loss Discipline

Set your stop loss at entry, not during the trade.

Mental stop losses don't work. Emotions take over when you're down.

💡 Pro Tip

Recommended: 20-30% max loss per trade. Set it and honor it.

Section 5

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mistake #1: Buying Options with <7 Days to Expiration

Problem: Theta decay accelerates rapidly in the final week
Solution: Give yourself time (30-45 DTE minimum for beginners)

❌ Mistake #2: Holding Through Earnings

Problem: IV crush destroys option value post-earnings
Solution: Exit before earnings or hedge your position

❌ Mistake #3: Ignoring Bid-Ask Spreads

Problem: Wide spreads = immediate loss on entry
Solution: Trade liquid options (volume >500, tight spreads)

❌ Mistake #4: Using Market Orders

Problem: You get filled at the worst possible price
Solution: Always use limit orders

❌ Mistake #5: Revenge Trading

Problem: Emotional decisions after losses lead to bigger losses
Solution: Step away after 2 losses in a row. Reset.

❌ Mistake #6: No Trade Journal

Problem: You repeat the same mistakes
Solution: Track every trade (entry, exit, reason, result)

❌ Mistake #7: Chasing Home Runs

Problem: Trying to 10X every trade leads to blowing up
Solution: Consistent 30-50% gains compound faster
Section 6

Entry & Exit Strategies

Entry Checklist

  • Wait for confirmation (don't chase)
  • Check volume & open interest (>500 OI preferred)
  • Review bid-ask spread (tight = liquid)
  • Use limit orders (control your fill)
  • Size position appropriately (5-10% max)
  • Set stop loss before entering

✓ When to Enter

  • Price confirms your thesis
  • Technical setup aligns
  • Volume supports the move
  • You have a plan for exits

✕ When NOT to Enter

  • FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)
  • Chasing a move that already happened
  • Right before major news/data
  • When you're emotional from previous trades

Exit Strategy

🎯 Profit Targets

  • 30-50% gain = Take it
  • Don't get greedy waiting for 10X
  • Scale out (sell half, let half run)

🛑 Stop Losses

  • 20-30% max loss
  • No exceptions
  • Cut losses fast, let winners run

📈 Trailing Stops

  • As trade moves in your favor, raise stop loss
  • Lock in profits while giving room to run

⏰ Time-Based Exits

  • Don't hold to expiration hoping for miracles
  • Exit 1-2 weeks before expiration minimum
  • Theta decay accelerates in final week
💡 Pro Tip

Taking consistent 30% gains beats chasing 10-baggers and losing everything trying.

Ready to Put This Knowledge to Work?

Join SPX Plays for real-time SPY & SPX alerts, precision levels, and a community of serious traders.

Use code ALPHA30 for 30% off Premium

Section 7

Paper Trading (Practice First)

⚡ The Honest Truth

Before risking real money, paper trade for at least 1 month. If you can't be profitable on paper, you won't be profitable with real money.

Free Paper Trading Platforms

ThinkorSwim

  • Most robust platform
  • Real-time data
  • Identical to live trading

Webull Paper Trading

  • Mobile-friendly
  • Easy to use
  • Good for beginners

TradingView

  • Great for charting
  • Simple interface
  • Free with account

What to Practice

  • Reading option chains
  • Placing limit orders
  • Managing stop losses
  • Handling multiple positions
  • Dealing with losses emotionally
  • Following a trading plan

Paper trading removes emotional pressure and lets you learn mechanics without financial consequences. Most traders skip this step and pay thousands in "market tuition" learning the hard way.

Section 8

Additional Resources

📚 Books

"Options as a Strategic Investment"

by Lawrence McMillan

The comprehensive guide to options trading with 1,000+ pages of detailed information

"The Options Playbook"

by Brian Overby

Visual guide to strategies that's easy to understand

🛠️ Tools & Websites

OptionStrat

Free options visualizer to see P&L graphs before trading

Barchart

Options flow data and unusual activity scanner

CBOE

Official exchange site with educational resources

SPY/SPX Converter

Our free tool to instantly convert between SPY and SPX values

Frequently Asked Questions

What are options in trading?

📊

Options are contracts that give you the right to buy (call) or sell (put) a stock at a specific price by a specific date. They're leveraged instruments that can amplify gains but also increase risk.

How much money do I need to start trading options?

💰

While you can start with $500-1,000, we recommend $2,000-3,000 minimum to properly manage risk and take multiple positions without going all-in on single trades.

What are the Greeks in options trading?

📈

The Greeks (Delta, Theta, Gamma, Vega) measure how options prices change based on stock movement, time decay, and volatility. Understanding them is crucial for successful options trading.

Should I paper trade before using real money?

📝

Yes. Paper trade for at least 1-2 months to learn mechanics, test strategies, and build confidence without risking capital.

What's the difference between SPY and SPX options?

🔄

SPY is an ETF (equity settled, can be exercised early) while SPX is an index (cash settled, European style). SPX has tax advantages and larger contract sizes.

Start Trading Smarter

Ready to Trade with an Edge?

Join hundreds of traders who stopped guessing and started winning.

Real-time SPX & SPY alerts Daily gameplans Whale trades Player's Lounge
$ 49 /mo

Less than one winning trade

Get Premium Access

Cancel anytime • Secure checkout via Whop

Just want to look around? Join free →